5. Endnotes

¹ https://www.cultureisourplan.co.uk/

² https://tinyurl.com/4mdz5de3 

³ https://tinyurl.com/4cptbwh6 

⁴ Census 2021 data, see https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censuspopulationchange/E08000032/

⁵ https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/lifeexpectancies

⁶ https://census.gov.uk/census-2021-results.

^{7 https://jsna.bradford.gov.uk/media/52sbbext/jsna-demographic-resource-pack-2024.pdf}

⁸ https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censusareachanges/E08000032/

⁹ https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandwellbeing/bulletins/disabilityenglandandwales/census2021

¹⁰ https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censusareachanges/E08000032/

¹¹ https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E12000003#section_9

¹² Official Office for National Statistics definition: “People not in employment who have not been seeking work within the last 4 weeks and/or are unable to start work within the next 2 weeks.”
https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peoplenotinwork/economicinactivity

¹³ Q4 2022 data https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/data-tables/fast-track/abaf4b32-5c75-481e-10cc-08dacbbb6d76

¹⁴ https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/education-skills-and-training/11-to-16-years-old/gcse-results-attainment-8-for-children-aged-14-to-16-key-stage-4/latest#main-facts-and-figures

¹⁵ The 2021 Census was carried out during a unique period of rapid change. ONS gave extra guidance to help people on furlough answer the census questions about work but are unable to determine how this was followed. So caution should be exercised when using these results for planning purposes.

¹⁶ https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2021/report?compare=E08000032,E12000003,E92000001#section_6

¹⁷ Health statistics are intricate and constantly evolving. In the case of Bradford, key factors affecting health include obesity, low physical activity, and a high prevalence of diabetes. To gain a comprehensive understanding, it is crucial to consider the broader determinants of health that contribute to these patterns.

For extensive data on all factors, see: https://ubd.bradford.gov.uk/about-us/health-and-life-expectancy/ and https://jsna.bradford.gov.uk/Our%20children%20have%20the%20best%20start%20in%20life.asp

¹⁸ https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/health-profiles/data#page/1/gid/1938132701/pat/6/par/E12000003/ati/302/are/E08000032/iid/90366/age/1/sex/1/cat/-1/ctp/-1/yrr/3/cid/4/t

¹⁹ https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/23418924.thousands-bradford-children-live-poverty-2022/

²⁰ Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) data, after housing costs (AHC)
https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn07096/

²¹ The Indices of Deprivation 2019 is based on 39 separate indicators, organised across seven distinct domains of deprivation which are combined and weighted. This is an overall measure of multiple deprivation experienced by people living in an area and is calculated for each LSOA in England.

²² https://ubd.bradford.gov.uk/about-us/poverty-in-bradford-district/

²³ https://ubd.bradford.gov.uk/about-us/unemployment-in-bradford-district/

24 https://tinyurl.com/4z9h8azv

²⁵ https://www.cultureisourplan.co.uk/

²⁶ Report on longitudinal data looking at male incomes at age 28 related to their family circumstances, related to registra- tion for Free School Meals (FSM) at age 16. Females excluded due to part time work/ family issues. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/923623/SMC_Long_shadow_of_deprivation_ MAIN_REPORT_Accessible.pdf

²⁷ https://www.cultureisourplan.co.uk/

²⁸ https://bradford2025.co.uk/

²⁹ Indigo Ltd (2021) Creative Choice: An Audience Engagement Framework.

³⁰ https://bradford.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s32614/REGENV19JanDocP.pdf 

³¹ https://bradfordforeveryone.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Bradford-for-Everyone-Programme-Evaulation-Report.pdf 

³² https://bradford.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s32614/REGENV19JanDocP.pdf 

³³ Structural Racism is defined as “a system in which public policies, institutional practices, cultural representations, and other norms work in various, often reinforcing ways to perpetuate racial group inequity“
https://theconversation.com/structural-racism-what-it-is-and-how-it-works-158822 

³⁴ See e.g. - http://www.everydayparticipation.org/ for links to academic and policy articles.

³⁵ Active Lives Survey (2015 - 17). This is any participation or attendance in arts including combined arts, dance, literature, music, theatre, and visual arts, at least once in the previous 12 months. 

³⁶ RMR (2022) The Leap CPP Evaluation report. Available from The Leap CPP on request.     

³⁷ Indigo (2020) Audiences, Engagement and Participation Study for Bradford 2025.

³⁸ Note that Arts Council England has now commissioned a new data platform, Illuminate, which will include a new segmentation model which may supersede Audience Spectrum. See https://www.artscouncil.org.uk/developing-creativity-and-culture/illuminate As it will be built on similar (ie box office data) it is unlikely that this will overcome some of the structural issues of Audience Spectrum.

³⁹ Indigo (2020) Audiences, Engagement and Participation Study for Bradford 2025.

⁴⁰ Bradford Creative Place Partnership (2020) ‘Culture and Me’ Research undertaken by Indigo Ltd. 

⁴¹ Funded organisations in England are required to submit their booking/attendance data to a data warehouse, where the data is aggregated to form a single source of information on booker behaviour. In addition, funded organisations who do not collect data from customers, or do not sell tickets, are required to capture qualitative data via the Audience Finder Survey. The organisations from Bradford that submit data to Audience Finder include Bradford Literature Festival, Bradford Theatres (all venues), Mind the Gap and Theatre in the Mill. Survey data from: Artworks Creative Communities; Common Wealth Theatre; Dance United Yorkshire; Ilkley Literature Festival; Impressions Gallery; Kala Sangam; The Brontë Society (Parsonage Museum).

⁴² CPP Culture and Me.

⁴³ https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/23100986.arts-council-england-reveals-bradfords-10-million-share-culture-fund/

⁴⁴ Mapping and assessing the economic value, scope and impact of Bradford District’s Cultural and Creative Assets: BOP Consulting 2020

⁴⁵ Please note, this data is from 2020.

⁴⁶ https://bradford2025.co.uk/2021/05/20/culture-is-our-plan/

⁴⁷ Miles, A., & Gibson, L. (2016). Everyday participation and cultural value. Cultural Trends, 25(3), 151-157.

⁴⁸https://bradford.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s16736/Exec12SeptDocRApp2.pdf; and https://bradford2025.co.uk/2021/05/20/culture-is-our-plan/;  BOP Consulting (2020) Mapping and assessing the economic value, scope and impact of Bradford district’s Cultural and Creative Assets; NGI Solutions (2021) Bradford Visitor Economy; Bradford Producing Hub (2020) Joint Cultural Needs Assessment (2020), available online at https://bdproducinghub.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Bradford-District-JCNA-Report-FINAL-March-2020.pdf

⁴⁹ Data from the BPH Annual Survey conducted as part of the research for the Final Evaluation Report (September 2023) - see https://bdproducinghub.co.uk/resource/reports/year-4-evaluation-report/

⁵⁰ BOP Consulting (2020) Mapping and assessing the economic value, scope and impact of Bradford district’s Cultural and Creative Assets

⁵¹ Location quotients are a way to quantify the concentration of an industry in a specific area against the concentration nationwide. For more, please see https://kb.economicmodelling.co.uk/all-about-location-quotient-national-concentration/

⁵² Data comes from 219 responses to BPH’s annual artist and producer survey between 2021 and 2023. Results may be biased by the demographics of those most likely to fill in surveys.

⁵³ Less people report caring responsibilities being a barrier to their work than report having caring responsibilities in general, meaning that some people have these responsibilities but they do not impact their ability to work.

⁵⁴ https://bradford.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s16736/Exec12SeptDocRApp2.pdf

⁵⁵ Welcome to Bradford - Bradford (2023). Visit Bradford. Retrieved April 1, 2023, from https://www.visitbradford.com/

⁵⁶ In terms of the visitor economy, the Bradford Council website provides monthly, quarterly and annual updates on various economic indicators, including tourism and business activity through the Economic Intelligence page.

⁵⁷ https://bradford.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s40941/RegEnv210223Doc%20X.pdf 

⁵⁸ Bradford Council. (2021, January 28). Bradford District economic recovery and renewal plan. Retrieved from
https://www.bradford.gov.uk/media/6823/economic-recovery-and-renewal-plan-jan-21.pdf

⁵⁹ Office for National Statistics. (2020, December 8). Universal credit statistics: 29 April 2013 to 8 October 2020. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/benefitsandcredits/bulletins/universalcreditstatistics/29april2013to8october2020#the-number-of-universal-credit-claimants-has-increased-over-the-pandemic-with-particular-impacts-in-areas-dependent-on-tourism. 

⁶⁰ Office for National Statistics. (2020, December 9). Business turnover down by a quarter since February. Retrieved from https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/business/businessservices/articles/businessturnoverdownbyaquartermay2020/2020-12-09

⁶¹ Office for National Statistics (2021, April 28). Travel trends: 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/leisureandtourism/articles/traveltrends/2020

⁶²  https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/news/local-news/fears-over-impact-coronavirus-big-17890455 Accessed 01/04/2023

⁶³ See Brooks et al (2020) Culture is Bad for You. Manchester: Manchester University Press